Precise Molecular Sieving Architectures with Janus Pathways for Both Polar and Nonpolar Molecules

Precise molecular sieving architectures with Janus superhighways are constructed via a molecularly engineered interfacial reaction between cyclodextrin (CD) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). Interestingly, the CD/TMC nanofilms constructed with both hydrophobic inner cavities and hydrophilic channels exhibit exceptionally high permeances for both polar and nonpolar solvents. The precise molecular sieving functions are determined by the type of CD building blocks and the inner cavities of intrinsic 3D hollow bowls. Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) confirms that a larger inner CD cavity tends to generate a larger free volume and higher microporosity. Based on the rejection ratio of various dyes, the estimated molecular weight cutoff of CD/TMC nanofilms follows the trend of α‐CD/TMC (320 Da) <β‐CD/TMC (400 Da) <γ‐CD/TMC (550 Da), which is in strict accordance with the orders of their free volumes measured by PAS and inner cavity sizes of α‐CD <β‐CD <γ‐CD. This kind of novel CD/TMC molecular sieving membrane with intrinsic microporosity containing tunable pore size and sharp pore‐size distribution can effectively discriminate molecules with different 3D sizes.     

Electrical oscillation generation with current-induced resistivity switching in VO2 micro-channel devices

We report large amplitude modulation waveforms as large as ~ 10 V using vanadium dioxide micro-channel devices operating under current-controlled conditions. The self-sustained electrical oscillations were generated by controlling the applied current in the negative differential resistance region of the investigated devices. An appropriate value of internal capacitance was achieved as parasitic capacitance in the device structure to stabilize the electrical oscillations. This eliminates the need of an external pulsed source or any external passive component connected to the micro-channel devices. Amplitude and frequency of the oscillation were tuned by illuminating the device micro-channel with an external laser. An equivalent circuit model was developed to simulate the waveforms. A good agreement between experiment and simulation was verified.     

New exact solutions of the Tzitzéica-type equations in non-linear optics using the expa function method

One specific class of non-linear evolution equations, known as the Tzitzéica-type equations, has received great attention from a group of researchers involved in non-linear science. In this article, new exact solutions of the Tzitzéica-type equations arising in non-linear optics, including the Tzitzéica, Dodd–Bullough–Mikhailov and Tzitzéica–Dodd–Bullough equations, are obtained using the exp_a function method. The integration technique actually suggests a useful and reliable method to extract new exact solutions of a wide range of non-linear evolution equations.     

铝合金三角形波纹夹芯板对平头弹抗冲击特性数值模拟研究

为研究铝合金三角形波纹夹芯板对平头弹体的抗冲击性能及损伤特性，利用有限元软件ABAQUS/Explicit建立弹体冲击靶板的数值模拟模型，并结合实验验证了模型及其参数的有效性。基于数值计算结果，分析了三角形波纹夹芯板几何结构对其防护性能、失效模式和能量吸收的影响规律及机理，并与等面密度单层板进行对比分析，研究结果表明，靶体几何结构对其抗冲击性能存在影响，三角形波纹夹芯板抗冲击性能低于单层板抗冲击性能。此外，增加芯体拓扑结构夹角能显著提高三角形波纹夹芯板的抗冲击性能，并且靶板几何形状会对其失效模式及耗能特性存在影响。     

船体结构冰载荷反演方法及试验验证

冰载荷是影响船舶冰区航行期间结构安全的重要环境载荷。船舶的冰压监测通常采用应变传感器，合理地布放传感器是识别冰载荷的基础。通过对比船体外板结构试验中的冲击载荷和不同测试方案下的应变信号，确定了最佳应变传感器布放方案；采用Green核函数方法建立了船体外板结构应变冲击载荷间的响应关系，并对采集信号在噪声影响下反演的不适定性进行了分析；采用Tikhonov正则化方法克服了载荷反演过程中出现的数值不稳定问题；最后将试验中的响应用到载荷识别分析中，反演的载荷可以较为准确地反映冲击载荷的时域特征并且载荷识别精度良好。     

消声元件安装位置对消声效果的影响

分别以消声量和管口阶次噪声作为评价指标,研究消声元件安装位置对消声效果的影响规律,设计在直管不同位置安放四分之一波长管的消声量测量试验对消声量评价。结果表明:设计频率声模态下,在反节点处安装波长管消声量最大,与理论分析完全吻合;进一步对消声量进行仿真计算,结果与试验完全相符。对于管口噪声指标评价,设计频率为267 Hz的谐振腔解决某发动机4000 r/min时进气管口存在4阶噪声引起的噪声峰值问题,对比谐振腔安装在进气管路该频率附近的声模态反节点和节点位置的管口4阶噪声,可知谐振腔布置在反节点位置比节点位置噪音降低了24 dB。两个案例充分证明声学系统模态反节点位置是消声元件的最佳布置位置。     

高含硫气田集输系统增压模式优化研究

随着高含硫气田的持续开发,气井井口压力逐步低于集输压力,亟需实施集输系统增压运行。采用OLGA软件,以气液两相流、压降预测、耦合传热理论为基础,针对高含硫气田集输管网高程差、气体组分、液气比、管网全尺寸参数等工况条件,建立了复杂山地高含硫湿气集输系统生产运行的数值模型,以集输系统生产历史数据为基础,验证模型准确性并进行修正。考虑单井、多井或单线配置压缩机等情况,根据开发预测的各井压力变化情况,计算集输管网的压力分布及系统能耗,重点分析了单站增压、区域+单站增压、集输干线增压三种模式,最终优选出高含硫气田集输系统增压模式。     

含V型相交裂隙岩体的力学特性及破坏模式试验

为深入了解V型相交裂隙岩体试件的力学特性和裂纹演化规律,采用MTS815电液伺服控制试验机对含不同夹角V型相交裂隙岩体试件进行了常规单轴压缩试验,基于试验结果,详细分析了试件的应力-应变曲线、强度与变形特性、裂纹演化与破坏模式及能量耗散特征。研究结果表明:①裂隙试件的应力-应变曲线进入裂纹萌生与扩展阶段早于完整试件,在峰前出现了明显的应力降现象,在峰后破坏阶段,完整试件表现为应力-应变曲线的快速跌落,而裂隙试件呈现台阶状多阶段性跌落,甚至缓慢水平下降,体现出明显的延性破坏特征;②裂隙试件的峰值应力、弹性模量和峰值应变均有明显减小。峰值强度和弹性模量随裂隙夹角的增加呈先增大后减小的变化趋势。轴向峰值应变主要受裂隙夹角的影响,总体随夹角的增大呈线性减小的趋势;③裂隙的存在能够完全改变岩体试件的破坏模式,随着裂隙夹角的逐渐增加,裂隙试件破坏模式的演化过程为:台阶式张拉-剪切复合破坏(30°)→张拉-八字形剪切复合破坏(60°)→台阶式平行双斜面剪切破坏(90°)。当裂隙夹角为60°时,试件的裂纹演化和破坏模式体现出对加载方向近似的结构对称性特征;④相交裂隙试件单轴压缩破坏的弹性应变能、耗散能、总能量和能量耗散率均较完整试件有大幅度的减小。裂隙试件产生的裂纹数量越多,试件表面的脱落现象越明显,耗散能和能量耗散率也越大。拉-剪复合破坏比单纯剪切破坏要消耗更多的能量。试件的破坏特征和破坏模式能很好地反映试件的能量耗散特性。     

Asynchronous control for two‐dimensional hidden Markovian jump systems with partly known mode observation conditional probabilities

This study focuses on the asynchronous control problem for two‐dimensional discrete‐time hidden Markovian jump systems where the mode observation conditional probability matrix is partly known. Considering the original system modes are invisible, the observed modes emitted from an observer serve as an alternative for stability analysis and controller design where a mode observation conditional probability matrix is constructed to characterize the emission between system modes and observed modes. Specially, only partly known information of the mode observation conditional probability matrix is accessible. With the introduction of the free‐connection weighting matrices, the asymptotic mean square stability criterion is firstly derived based on Lyapunov method. This introduction provides a further degree of relaxation and less conservatism is therefore achieved. Secondly, we present synthesis conditions for asynchronous state feedback controller design given in terms of a set of interconnected linear matrix inequalities. Moreover, cluster concept based on the partitions of observed modes is adopted which helps to decrease the number of controllers and simplify the design complexity. A numerical example, regarding the cases with and without clustering of the observed modes, is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter based on the SOGI filter and Lyapunov function for DC bus control

The three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter (SAPF) was developed to suppress the harmonic currents generated by nonlinear loads, and for the compensation of unbalanced nonlinear load currents, reactive power, and the harmonic neutral current. In this work, we consider instantaneous reactive power theory (PQ theory) for reference current identification based on the following two algorithms: the classic low-pass filter (LPF) and the second-order generalized integrator (SOGI) filter. Furthermore, since an important process in SAPF control is the regulation of the DC bus voltage at the capacitor, a new controller based on the Lyapunov function is also proposed. A complete simulation of the resultant active filtering system confirms its validity, which uses the SOGI filter to extract the reference currents from the distorted line currents, compared with the traditional PQ theory based on LPF. In addition, the simulation performed also demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approach, for DC bus voltage control based on the Lyapunov function, compared with the traditional proportional-integral (PI) controller. Both novel approaches contribute towards an improvement in the overall performance of the system, which consists of a small rise and settling time, a very low or nonexistent overshoot, and the minimization of the total harmonic distortion (THD).